Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3) (1999)
CONTENTS AND ABSTRACTS
Animal breeding
Comparison of milk production of the progeny of BLAD carrier and healthy Holstein bulls in Hungary.
Ágnes Jánosa, B. Baranyai and J. Dohy
283-289Clinical veterinary medicine
Diagnostic radiology of pet and wild birds: A review I. Radiographic techniques and radiographs of healthy birds.
A. Beregi, V. Molnár, F. Felkai, F. Bíró and Zs. Szentgáli
291-302Epizootiology
Prevalence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection in Hungarian cattle herds.
L. Tekes, B. Markos, S. Kecskeméti, J. Méhesfalvi, Zsuzsanna Máté and E. Kudron
303-309Fish diseases
Epitheliocystis disease in cultured pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in Brazil.
J. Szakolczai, F. Vetési and S. R. Pitz
311-318Honey bee diseases
Occurrence of acute paralysis virus of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) in a Hungarian apiary infested with the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni.
L. Békési, Brenda V. Ball, M. Dobos-Kovács, T. Bakonyi and M. Rusvai
319-324Immunology
Effect of oil containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the immune response and growth factors in piglets.
R. Kaštel’, Viera Revajová, D. Magic, J. Pistl, M. Levkut, L’. Bindas, J. Šajbidor and M. Horváth
325-334Morphology
Differences in adrenal morphology in male Dark Agouti, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.
Jenny M. Wilkinson, S. Halley and P. A. Towers
335-339Parasitology
Redescription of Myxobolus hungaricus Jaczó, 1940 (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae), a parasite of bream (Abramis brama L.).
K. Molnár and F. Baska
341349Direct and sensitive detection of Trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction.
S. Omanwar, J. R. Rao, S. H. Basagoudanavar, R. K. Singh and G. Butchaiah
351-359Pathology
Infectious stunting syndrome associated with disturbances of mineral metabolism and bone development in broiler chickens.
G. Sályi and R. Glávits
361-378Virology
Molecular and structural basis of the evolution of parvovirus tropism.
P. Tijssen
379-394
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 283–289 (1999)
COMPARISON OF
MILK PRODUCTION OF THE PROGENY
OF BLAD-CARRIER AND HEALTHY HOLSTEIN BULLS
IN HUNGARY
Ágnes Jánosa1*, B. Baranyai2 and J. Dohy1
1University
of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Páter K. u. 1,
H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary;
2Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, H-2001 Gödöllő,
Hungary
(Received November 23, 1998; accepted February 10, 1999)
‘Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency’ (BLAD) is a recessive monofactorial, lethal inheritable defect occurring in Holstein-Friesian cattle and often passed on by well-known top bulls. The aim of this study was to find a relationship between the BLAD genotype of bulls, their genetic evaluation for milk and their daughters’ milk production. BLAD-carrier and healthy bulls were compared on the basis of their breeding value published in November 1997. The first 100 bulls ranked according to the Total Production Index (TPI) were used, including nine BLAD carriers with 2,835 daughters and 77 healthy sires with 21,950 female progenies. For 14 bulls the BLAD genotype was not indicated. The healthy animals significantly outperformed the BLAD carriers, which result contradicts our earlier findings (Dohy et al., 1996; Jánosa and Dohy, 1997). In a BLAD elimination programme, the identification of BLAD carriers and properly planned mating are of great importance in order to avoid ‘inter se’ mating of BLAD-carrier top animals which can be of significant influence in Holstein breeding.
Key words: BLAD, carrier, genetic defect, progeny testing, Holstein, bull
*E-mail: dohy@fau.gau.hu; Fax: (36-28) 410-804
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 291–302 (1999)
DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY OF PET AND WILD BIRDS: A REVIEW*
I. RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES AND RADIOGRAPHS
OF HEALTHY BIRDSA. Beregi1**, V. Molnár1, F. Felkai1, F. Bíró1 and Zs. Szentgáli2
1Outpatient Clinic, Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and 2Department and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Science, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary
(Received January 19, 1999; accepted March 11, 1999)
By the radiographic examination of pet and wild birds, veterinary clinicians may relatively easily obtain additional information that can be used routinely in their everyday diagnostic and therapeutic work. The first part of the present review summarises the basic technical conditions of radiological examinations, analyses the radiographic features of healthy birds, and describes the procedure and radiological indications of contrast radiography.
Key words: Pet birds, wild birds, radiology, diagnosis
**E-mail: aberegi@ns.univet.hu; Fax: (36-1) 322-7416
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 303–309 (1999)
PREVALENCE OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 (BHV-1) INFECTION IN HUNGARIAN CATTLE HERDS
L. Tekes1* , B. Markos2, S. Kecskeméti3, J. Méhesfalvi4, Zsuzsanna Máté5
and E. Kudron61Central Veterinary Institute, H-1149 Budapest, Tábornok u. 2, Hungary; Veterinary
Institutes of 2Békéscsaba, 3Debrecen, 4Kaposvár, 5Miskolc and 6Szombathely, Hungary(Received January 8, 1999; accepted February 11, 1999)
Hungarian cattle herds were surveyed for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection by ELISA of milk and serum samples. In 1993, 75% of the large cattle herds (consisting of more than 50 cattle) and all small herds (small-scale producers’ stocks), while in 1997 90% of the small herds were included in the survey. In the case of large herds, 79.3% of the herds and 64.1% of the samples tested were found to be positive. Of the small herds, 13.5% and 15.7% tested positive in 1993 and 1997, respectively. The majority of large herds were Holstein-Friesian dairy stocks. Small herds with an infection rate markedly exceeding the average were found in those counties where the small herds had been in close contact with the large-scale farms, or where new herds were established by using animals of uncontrolled infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) status originating from large farms. Attention is called to the importance of maintaining the IBR-free status of small herds that constitute one-third of the Hungarian cattle population.
Key words: Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), cattle, ELISA, serum, milk, prevalence, Hungary
*E-mail: tekes@indigo2.oai.hu; Fax: (36-1) 222-6070
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 311–318 (1999)
EPITHELIOCYSTIS DISEASE IN CULTURED PACU
(PIARACTUS MESOPOTAMICUS) IN BRAZILJ. Szakolczai1*, F. Vetési1 and S. R. Pitz2
1Department of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Science,
H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2University of Blumenau, Blumenau SC, Brazil(Received January 4, 1999; accepted March 10, 1999)
Epitheliocystis disease was diagnosed in a cultured pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1893) stock on the basis of gross pathological (greyish-white, pinpoint- or pinhead-sized focal areas, connected strongly to the gill lamellae) and histopathological examinations (hypertrophic cells 10–40 µ m in size, having a well-defined wall and a central inclusion or characteristic granular content stained with Giemsa). The disease did not occur among fishes (Cyprinus carpio L., Ctenopharyngodon idella Cuv. and Val., Sarotherodon mosambicus Peters, Hoplias malabaricus Bloch) kept together with the affected pacus. About 30–40% of the pacu stock succumbed. Since branchial lesions and heavy mortality were observed in this pacu population, the aetiological role of the epitheliocystis agent could be suspected. Based upon ultrastructural examinations this agent is considered to be a chlamydia or a chlamydia-like organism.
Key words: Epitheliocystis, pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), Brazil
*Fax: (36-1) 342-7104
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 319–324 (1999)
OCCURRENCE OF
ACUTE PARALYSIS VIRUS
OF THE HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA)
IN A HUNGARIAN APIARY INFESTED
WITH THE PARASITIC MITE VARROA JACOBSONI
L. Békési1* , Brenda V. Ball2, M. Dobos-Kovács3, T. Bakonyi4 and M. Rusvai4
1Department
of Parasitology and Zoology, 3Department of Pathology
and Forensic
Veterinary Medicine, 4Department of Microbiology and
Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Science,
H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Department of
Entomology and Nematology, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Herts., U.
K.
(Received February 1, 1999; accepted March 8, 1999)
Viruses of the honey bee have been known for a long time; however, recently the attention of scientists and apiculturalists has turned towards the relationship between these viruses and the parasitic mite Varroa jacobsoni. Although clinical symptoms indicated the presence of some of the viruses of bees in Hungary, none have previously been isolated or identified. During July unusual adult bee and brood mortality was observed in some colonies of an apiary in Budapest known to be infested with Varroa jacobsoni. Large amounts of acute paralysis virus (APV) were detected serologically in healthy honey bee pupae killed by the injection of a bacteria-free extract of diseased adult bees. Crystalline arrays of 30 nm particles were seen in ultrathin sections of the tissues of injected pupae and naturally infected adult bees. In spite of the application of acaricide treatments the bee population in several colonies had collapsed by the end of summer and the apiary suffered severe wintering losses.
Key words: Honey bee, acute paralysis virus, Varroa jacobsoni
*E-mail: lbekesi@ns. univet.hu; Fax: (36-1) 342-7701
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 325–334 (1999)
EFFECT OF OIL CONTAINING N-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFA) ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
AND GROWTH FACTORS IN PIGLETSR. Kašteľ*, Viera Revajová, D. Magic, J. Pistl, M. Levkut, Ľ. Bindas, J. Šajbidor and M. Horváth
University of Veterinary Medicine, 041 81 Košice, Komenského 73, Slovak Republic
(Received October 27, 1998; accepted March 1, 1999)
Oral administration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to piglets slightly enhances the immune response. As compared to the control, in the experimental piglets the absolute values of monocytes in the peripheral blood were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the metabolic activity of phagocytes and the number of lymphocytes within the individual subpopulations were slightly higher. The level of growth factors, determined on the basis of somatomedin in the blood serum, was significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). n-3 PUFA interfere with the synthesis of prostaglandins and influence the metabolism of fatty acids. This finding may contribute to the therapy of inflammatory processes influencing immune and growth factors in piglets.
Key words: Polyunsaturated fatty acids, supplementation, lymphocytes, phagocytes, piglets
*E-mail: kastel@uvm.sk; Fax: 0042195 632 3666
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 335–339 (1999)
DIFFERENCES IN ADRENAL MORPHOLOGY
IN MALE DARK AGOUTI, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY
AND WISTAR RATSJenny M. Wilkinson*, S. Halley and P. A. Towers
School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
(Received August 3, 1998; accepted February 18, 1999)
There is little published information describing the differences in adrenal structure between strains of a single species despite quite well known functional differences. In this paper we report morphological differences in the adrenal glands between three strains of laboratory rat; Dark Agouti (DA), Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar (W). Significant differences in adrenal weights (as a percentage of body weight) were not detected between any of the groups. While there were no significant differences in the volume of medullary or zonae glomerulosa or fasciculata tissue, the volume fraction for the zona reticularis was significantly smaller in DAs compared to the other strains. The functional significance of these differences is unknown. However, it is suggested that the reduced volume of zona reticularis tissue may contribute to a reduced capacity for glucocorticoid synthesis or storage.
Key words: Rat, adrenal cortex, Dark Agouti, Sprague-Dawley, Wistar
*E-mail: jwilkinson@csu.edu.au; Fax: 612 6933 2589
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 341–349 (1999)
REDESCRIPTION OF MYXOBOLUS HUNGARICUS JACZÓ, 1940 (MYXOSPOREA: MYXOBOLIDAE), A PARASITE OF BREAM (ABRAMIS BRAMA L.)
K. Molnár* and F. Baska
Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
H-1581 Budapest, P.O. Box 18, Hungary(Received February 10, 1999; accepted March 18, 1999)
Myxobolus hungaricus Jaczó, 1940 forms relatively large plasmodia on the gills of bream (Abramis brama). The authors give a redescription of this deficiently described parasite on the basis of spores collected from the original habitat, which spores are indicated as a neotype. The plasmodia of the parasite can be found on the gills typically in the spring months, and are located in the central part of the gill filaments. They start to develop in the lumen of capillaries of the secondary lamellae and remain in intralamellar location also after they have reached the mature stage. The spores have a very characteristic shape, as on the surface of the spore valves a distinctly emerging ridge runs parallel to the sutural line. In addition to breams from the typical habitat, Lake Balaton, the plasmodia of M. hungaricus could be detected also on breams originating from the river Danube.
Key words: Myxobolus, Myxosporea, redescription, Pisces, Abramis brama
*E-mail: kalman@novell.vmri.hu; Fax: (36-1) 252-1069
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 351–359 (1999)
DIRECT AND SENSITIVE DETECTION
OF TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI
BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS. Omanwar1, J. R. Rao2*, S. H. Basagoudanavar1, R. K. Singh1 and G. Butchaiah1
1National Biotechnology Centre, 2Division of Parasitology,
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India(Received August 13, 1998; accepted February 18, 1999)
The mechanically transmitted haemoflagellate, Trypanosoma evansi causes ‘surra’, a wasting disease of domestic animals and is highly endemic in distribution in Southeast Asia. The detection of T. evansi is important for improving the epizootiological and animal health status of the region. The specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using oligonucleotide primers constructed from T. evansi repetitive DNA sequences were studied in the present investigation. Using the assay, it was possible to amplify template DNA of T. evansi derived from buffaloes, camels and horses to a threshold sensitivity level of 0.5 pg and to detect DNA from as few as five organisms in 10 µ l crude blood samples. Following experimental infection of calves with 5 × 105 T. evansi, positive signals could be observed as early as 12 h post-infection. DNAs from two common haemoflagellates of cattle, Babesia bigemina and Theileria annulata were not amplified with the primers.
Key words: Trypanosoma evansi, polymerase chain reaction, diagnosis
*Corresponding author; E-mail: ivri@x400.nicgw.nic.in; Fax: +91-581-440584
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 361–378 (1999)
INFECTIOUS STUNTING SYNDROME ASSOCIATED
WITH DISTURBANCES OF MINERAL METABOLISM
AND BONE DEVELOPMENT IN BROILER CHICKENSG. Sályi* and R. Glávits
Central Veterinary Institute, H-1581 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary
(Received October 20, 1998; accepted January 12, 1999)
On a broiler farm with a rearing capacity of about 200,000 chickens, a disease characterised by growth retardation, variability in chick size, ‘leg weakness’, diarrhoea and increased mortality at 3 weeks of age occurred repeatedly, in several successive broiler flocks. Gross and histopathological findings were dominated by widening of the hypertrophic and ossification layers of the physes of long bones as well as by thickening, unevenness and defective calcification of the cartilage trabeculae. In the parathyroid gland, vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells, connective tissue proliferation and, here and there, cyst formation were seen. Additional findings included severe cerebellar oedema and neuronal degeneration. The pancreatic, myocardial and intestinal changes typical of infectious stunting syndrome (ISS) occurred only in a mild form. Four-week-old chickens exhibiting ‘leg weakness’ had significantly lower blood inorganic phosphate concentration and tibial ash content as compared to healthy chickens. The disease was successfully transmitted by oral administration of small intestinal homogenate from affected chickens. In a second experiment, however, the disease could not be transmitted with intestinal homogenate sterilized by irradiation. Large doses of vitamin D3 reduced the rate of growth retardation and defective calcification of bones. The digestive enzyme activities of the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa of ‘infected’ chickens were decreased as is typical of ISS.
Key words: Infectious stunting syndrome, chicken, bone abnormalities, disturbances of mineral metabolism, pathology, transmission experiments
*E-mail: salyi@indigo2.oai.hu; Fax: (36-1) 252-8444
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (3), pp. 379–394 (1999)
MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL BASIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF PARVOVIRUS TROPISM
P. Tijssen*
Laboratory of Structural and Molecular Virology, Centre de Microbiologie et
Biotechnologie, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Building 12, Université du Québec,
531, boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada H7N 4Z3(Received March 12, 1999; accepted April 8, 1999)
Parvoviruses have small genomes and, consequently, are highly dependent on their host for various functions in their reproduction. Since these viruses generally use ubiquitous receptors, restrictions are usually intracellularly regulated. A lack of mitosis, and hence absence of enzymes required for DNA replication, is a powerful block of virus infection. Allotropic determinants have been identified for several parvoviruses: porcine parvovirus, canine parvovirus (CPV), feline parvovirus (feline panleukopenia virus), minute virus of mice, Aleutian disease virus, and GmDNV (an insect parvovirus). Invariably, these identifications involved the use of infectious clones of these viruses and the exchange of restriction fragments to create chimeric viruses, of which the resulting phenotype was then established by transfection in appropriate cell lines. The tropism of these viruses was found to be governed by minimal changes in the sequence of the capsid proteins and, often, only 2 or 3 critical amino acids are responsible for a given tropism. These amino acids are usually located on the outside of the capsid near or on the spike of the threefold axis for the vertebrate parvoviruses and on loops 2 or 3 for the insect parvoviruses. This tropism is not mediated via specific cellular receptors but by interactions with intracellular factors. The nature of these factors is unknown but most data point to a stage beyond the conversion of the single-stranded DNA genome by host cell DNA polymerase into monomeric duplex intermediates of the replicative form. The sudden and devastating emergence of mink enteritis virus (MEV) and CPV in the last 50 years, and the possibility of more future outbreaks, demonstrates the importance of understanding parvovirus tropism.
Key words: Parvovirus, virus structure, virus tropism, viral evolution, host range
*E-mail: peter_tijssen@iaf.uquebec.ca; Fax: 1 (450) 686 5626