Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4) (1999)
CONTENTS AND ABSTRACTS
Clinical veterinary medicine
Diagnostic radiology of pet and wild birds: A review. II. Indications of radiological examination and radiographs of pathological lesions.
A. Beregi, V. Molnár, F. Felkai, F. Bíró and Zs. Szentgáli
395-408Nutrition
Use of protected methionine (Mepron M 85) in cattle.
J. Schmidt, P. Sipőcz, Éva Cenkvári and J. Sipőcz
409-418Parasitology
Myxobolus infection of the gills of common bream (Abramis brama L.) in Lake Balaton and in the Kis-Balaton reservoir, Hungary.
K. Molnár and Cs. Székely
419-432Mortality of fish fry as a result of specific and aspecific cercarial invasion under experimental conditions.
G. Majoros
433-450Pharmacology
The effects of cyclophosphamide and its uroprotective agents, mesna and hyperbaric oxygen, on urinary bladder motility in guinea pigs.
V. Sagmanligil, Ö. Etlik, I. Pişkin and A. Tomur
451-460Reproduction
Pregnancy associated glycoproteins in ruminants: inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family.
J. F. Beckers, P. V. Drion, J. M. Garbayo, Zs. Perényi, A. Zarrouk, J. Sulon, B. Remy and O. Szenci
461-469Virology
Observations on the quasispecies composition of three animal pathogenic RNA viruses.
I. Kiss, C. Ros, S. Kecskeméti, J. Tanyi, S. B. Klingeborn and S. Belák
471-480Induction of protective immunity in chickens immunised with plasmid DNA encoding infectious bursal disease virus antigens.
I. Fodor, E. Horváth, Nadja Fodor, Edith Nagy, Altancsimeg Rencendorsh, V. N. Vakharia and S. K. Dube
481-492Detection of adenovirus hexon sequence in a cat by polymerase chain reaction (Short communication).
B. Lakatos, Judit Farkas, H. F. Egberink, H. Vennema, M. C. Horzinek and Mária Benkő
493-497
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 395–408 (1999)
DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY OF PET AND WILD BIRDS: A REVIEW
*1
Outpatient Clinic, Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine and 2Department(Received January 19, 1999; accepted June 24, 1999)
The second part of the review dealing with the diagnostic radiology of pet and wild birds discusses the indications of radiological examination, the interpretation of radiographs taken of pathological lesions, and the differential diagnosis of such lesions. Radiology has paramount importance in the diagnosis of diseases affecting the skeletal, digestive, respiratory, urogenital and cardiovascular systems. Certain diseases (shortage of grits, ovarian cysts) cannot be recognised without radiography. Other conditions (e.g. Macaw Wasting Disease, renal tumours, egg retention) require this complementary diagnostic method for confirmation of a suspicion based upon the clinical signs. Radiographic examination is also indicated for follow-up of the surgical management of bone fractures and for facilitating the implantation of transponders aimed at individual identification of the birds.
Key words: Pet birds, wild birds, radiology, diagnosis, indications, pathological lesions
**
E-mail: aberegi@ns.univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 322-7416
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 409–418 (1999)
USE OF PROTECTED METHIONINE (MEPRON M 85) IN CATTLE
*, P. Sipőcz, Éva Cenkvári and J. SipőczDepartment of Animal Nutrition, Pannon Agricultural University,
H-9201 Mosonmagyaróvár, Vár 4, Hungary
(Received March 22, 1999, accepted June 24, 1999)
The ruminal stability of Mepron M 85 and the effect of supplementation with Mepron M 85 on free methionine level of blood were studied in rumen-fistulated cows and rumen- and duodenum-fistulated growing bulls. In five rumen-fistulated cows in situ 69.5% and 64.6% of the methionine content of Mepron M 85 was found after ruminal incubation of 16 h and 24 h, respectively. Daily rations of the rumen-fistulated cows were supplemented with 15.0 g DL-methionine and 17.7 g Mepron M 85, which increased the free methionine level of blood from 13.64 µ mol/L to 15.35 and 20.46 µ mol/L, respectively, three hours after feeding. In the four rumen- and duodenum-fistulated growing bulls, supplementation with 15.0 g DL-methionine and 17.7 g Mepron M 85 increased the total methionine getting into the duodenum during 24 h from 14.99 g to 16.84 and 20.84 g, respectively. The influence of Mepron M 85 on milk production was studied in 35 pairs of Hungarian Fleckvieh × Holstein-Friesian cows. The animals were coupled on the basis of the number of finished lactations, milk production in the previous lactation, and the date of calving. Daily supplementation of 18.0 g Mepron M 85 increased daily milk production significantly (p < 0.05), by 1.24 litres. Milk fat content also increased significantly (from 3.10% to 3.19%, p < 0.05) in the experimental group. The supplementation did not influence milk protein content.
Key words: Protected methionine, Mepron M 85, bypass methionine
*
E-mail: schmidt@movar.pate.huActa Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 419–432 (1999)
MYXOBOLUS INFECTION OF THE GILLS OF COMMON BREAM (ABRAMIS BRAMA
L.)
IN LAKE BALATON AND IN THE KIS-BALATON RESERVOIR, HUNGARY
Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences,
H-1581 Budapest, P.O. Box 18, Hungary
(Received March 22, 1999; accepted June 24, 1999)
During a five-year survey including studies on the parasite fauna of bream (Abramis brama), four gill-parasitic Myxobolus species (M. bramae, M. hungaricus, M. impressus and M. macrocapsularis) were recorded in a total of 313 breams from Lake Balaton. The commonest species, M. bramae showed a prevalence of 33%, while the other species occurred sporadically. Myxobolus bramae and M. macrocapsularis infected the tips of the gill filaments and caused both intralamellar and interlamellar infection. Intralamellar plasmodia of small size developed in the capillary network of the gill lamellae whereas the much larger interlamellar plasmodia were formed in the arteria afferens. The intralamellar plasmodia of M. hungaricus always infected the basal or central part of the gill filaments. In contrast to the above species developing in the blood vessels, M. impressus proved to be an epithelial parasite, as its plasmodia always developed in the adjacent gill filaments of two opposite haemibranchia, in the stratified epithelium between the respiratory plates, causing changes of the haemibranchium which were well visible even by the naked eye.
Key words: Myxobolus, infections, gills, common bream, survey, Lake Balaton
*
E-mail: kalman@novell.vmri.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 252-1069Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 433–450 (1999)
MORTALITY OF FISH FRY AS A RESULT OF SPECIFIC
*
AND ASPECIFIC CERCARIAL INVASION
UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONSCentral Veterinary Institute, H-1149 Budapest, Tábornok u. 2, Hungary
(Received February 8, 1999; accepted April 8, 1999)
Although the effect exerted on fish by fluke cercariae developing in fish as intermediate hosts is fairly well known, cercariae of flukes requiring intermediate hosts other than fish occur in fish ponds in much higher numbers. To study the effect of these latter cercariae on fish fry, a few days old common carp fry (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to cohorts of xiphidiocercariae or echinocercariae shed by one or two snails acting as intermediate hosts. The observed pathogenicity of these cercariae was compared to the well-known pathogenic effect of Diplostomum cercariae. Although Diplostomum cercariae proved to be the most pathogenic, occasionally also the other two types of cercariae could kill the common carp fry by invading their body. Xiphidiocercariae ingested by the fish penetrated the intestinal wall and developed into metacercariae within the body of the fry. They could also get into the musculature through the skin. The much larger echinocercariae invaded the gill cavity where they became encapsulated, thus hampering gill function and leading to fish mortality due to oxygen deficiency. Diplostomum cercariae were more pathogenic than the cercariae of the other two flukes in that they were shed by the intermediate host in very large numbers. Although much less xiphidiocercariae and echinocercariae emerged from the intermediate host snails than Diplostomum cercariae, the former could kill the fish fry already in lower numbers. These findings prove that fluke cercariae nonspecific to fish may exert pathogenic effects on fish, and presumably contribute to the early mortality of young fry placed out into fish ponds.
Key words: Cercaria, Diplostomum sp., xiphidiocercaria, echinocercaria, experimental cercarial invasion, pathogenic effect, fish fry
*
E-mail: majoros@ccmail.oai.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 252 5177
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 451–460 (1999)
THE EFFECTS OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
AGMANLIGIL1*, Ö. ETLIK2, I. PIŞKIN1 and A. TOMUR2
AND ITS UROPROTECTIVE AGENTS, MESNA
AND HYPERBARIC OXYGEN, ON URINARY BLADDER
MOTILITY IN GUINEA PIGS1
Department of Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Ankara University, 06110 Dişkapi,
Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Physiology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy,
06018 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey(Received February 9, 1999; accepted June 24, 1999)
The aim of this research was to observe the effects of cyclophosphamide and its uroprotective agents, mesna and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), on the motility of urinary bladder muscle in guinea pigs. In the experimental groups, mesna and cyclophosphamide were intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 21.5 mg/kg and 68.1 mg/kg, respectively. For the combination of mesna and cyclophosphamide, one dose of mesna was injected 20 min before cyclophosphamide administration and three additional injections of mesna were repeated every three hours. A total of 8 HBO exposures were performed at 2.8 ATA for 90 min twice daily for another experimental group. In the HBO and cyclophosphamide combined group 5 HBO exposures were given prophylactically before cyclophosphamide. The combination of mesna, HBO and cyclophosphamide was administered by the same procedure. The contractions obtained in response to acetylcholine (ACh, 10–4 M) in the control group were reduced using cyclophosphamide and HBO individually, but not by mesna. However, the contractions belonging to the various combinations of these three agents were not different from those seen in the control group. On the other hand, the combinations of cyclophosphamide, mesna and HBO showed higher responses to ACh than the groups in which cyclophosphamide and HBO were used individually, while the responses elicited by the cyclophosphamide and HBO combination were greater than those seen in the group treated with HBO only.
Key words: Cyclophosphamide, mesna, HBO, motility, urinary bladder, guinea pigs
*
E-mail: sagmanli@veterinary.ankara.edu.tr; Fax: (312) 3164472
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 461–469 (1999)
PREGNANCY ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEINS
*
IN RUMINANTS: INACTIVE MEMBERS
OF THE ASPARTIC PROTEINASE FAMILYJ. F. Beckers1, P. V. Drion1, J. M. Garbayo1, Zs. Perényi2, A. Zarrouk1,
**
J. Sulon1, B. Remy1 and O. Szenci21University of Liege, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Physiology of Reproduction,
Bd de Colonster 20 B41, B-4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium; 2University of Veterinary
Science, Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2,
Hungary(Received January 25, 1999; accepted March 8, 1999)
The Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAGs) presented in this paper are largely expressed in the ruminant placenta. These proteins are classified as probably inactive members of the aspartic proteinase family. Pepsinogen, renin, cathepsin E & D and chymosine are typical members of this family, characterised by the presence of aspartic acids boarding the recognition sites. Secreted in the peripheral blood of the pregnant female from early pregnancy, these proteins can be used in serological tests for establishing different diagnoses. In the veterinary practice, these diagnoses are useful for both pregnancy confirmation and follow-up of trophoblastic function. The first aspect can help breeders in the management of reproduction, while the second one more specifically concerns clinicians and researchers wishing to establish a differential diagnosis of pathologic conditions affecting pregnancy.
Key words: Pregnancy associated glycoproteins, cow, sheep, goat
**
Corresponding author; E-mail: oszenci@ns.univet.hu
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 471–480 (1999)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE QUASISPECIES COMPOSITION
*, C. Ros2, S. Kecskeméti1, J. Tanyi1, S. B. Klingeborn2 and S. Belák2
OF THREE ANIMAL PATHOGENIC RNA VIRUSES1
Veterinary Institute of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, P.O. Box 51, Hungary;
2Department of Virology, The National Veterinary Institute, Biomedical Center, Box 585, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden(Received January 25, 1999; accepted May 5, 1999)
The quasispecies nature of three animal pathogenic RNA viruses of field origin was examined by testing variants of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) originating from geographically different areas, feline coronavirus (FCoV) detected from the same animal by successive sampling, and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) originating from successive outbreaks in the same geographic area. Clinical samples were investigated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and ensuing single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay. By the combination of these methods even subtle differences could be detected among the amplified fragments of the same virus species of different origin. FCoV proved to comprise the most and CSFV the less heterogeneous virus quasispecies. The results show that the combination of RT-PCR and SSCP provides novel and highly sensitive means for the characterisation of RNA viruses, with special regard to genome composition, evolution, features of pathogenicity and molecular epizootiology.
Key words: CSFV, FCoV, RHDV, RT-PCR, SSCP, quasispecies
*
E-mail: istvan_kiss@ccmail.oai.hu; Fax: +36 (52) 310 823
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 481–492 (1999)
INDUCTION OF PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY
IN CHICKENS IMMUNISED WITH PLASMID DNA ENCODING INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS ANTIGENSI. Fodor1,4*, E. Horváth2, Nadja Fodor1, Edith Nagy2, Altancsimeg Rencendorsh1, V. N. Vakharia3
and S. K. Dube31Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, H-2100 Gödöllő, P.O. Box 411, Hungary;
2State Institute for Control of Veterinary Biologicals, Drugs and Feeds,
H-1475 Budapest, P.O. Box 318, Hungary; 3Center for Agricultural Biotechnology,
University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA;
4Center for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA(Received April 8, 1999; accepted June 24, 1999)
Direct DNA inoculations were used to determine the efficacy of gene immunisation of chickens to elicit protective immune responses against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The vp2 gene of IBDV strains GP40 and D78, and the vp2-vp4-vp3 encoding segment of strain D78 were cloned in an expression vector which consisted of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early enhancer and promoter, adenovirus tripartite leader sequences and SV40 polyadenylation signal. For purification of vaccine-quality plasmid DNA from E. coli, an effective method was developed. Chickens were vaccinated by inoculation of DNA by two routes (intramuscular and intraperitoneal). Two weeks later, chickens were boosted with DNA, and at 2 weeks post-boost, they were challenged with virulent IBDV strain. Low to undetectable levels of IBDV-specific antibodies and no protection were observed with DNA encoding VP2. However, plasmids encoding VP2-VP4-VP3 induced IBDV-specific antibodies and protection in the chickens. DNA immunisation opens a new approach to the development of gene vaccines for chickens against infectious diseases.
Key words: DNA, vaccine, virus, gene expression, antigen
*
Corresponding author: István Fodor, Center for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11085 Campus St., Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; E-mail: ifodor@som.llu.edu; Fax: 909-478-4177
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47 (4), pp. 493–497 (1999)
DETECTION OF ADENOVIRUS HEXON SEQUENCE
*, Judit Farkas2, H. F. Egberink3, H. Vennema3, M. C. Horzinek3 and Mária Benkő4
IN A CAT BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION
(SHORT COMMUNICATION)1
University of Veterinary Sciences, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2Institute of Microbiology, Semmelweis Medical University, Budapest, Hungary; 3Department of Veterinary Virology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 4Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary(Received May 23, 1999; accepted June 24, 1999)
Adenoviral nucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in pharyngeal and rectal swab samples of a cat seropositive for adenovirus and suffering from transient hepatic failure. The samples were taken at a one-year interval, and both faecal samples as well as the second pharyngeal sample were positive in PCR performed with general adenovirus primers. The size of the amplified products corresponded to that of the positive control. The identity of the amplicons was also confirmed by DNA sequencing. The 301 bp long hexon gene fragment was very similar to but distinguishable from the corresponding hexon sequence of human adenovirus type 2. This result suggests the possibility of persistent carrier status and shedding of adenovirus in cats.
Key words: PCR, adenovirus, cat
*
Present address (private): H-1112 Budapest, Vadon u. 7, Hungary;
E-mail: lakbel@net.sote.hu; Fax: (+36 1) 319 7314