Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4) (2002)
CONTENTS AND ABSTRACTS
Breeding
Analysis of the random distribution of station-tested pigs based on their genetic merit. I. Nagy, L. Csató, J. Farkas, L. Radnóczi, A. Szabó and Zsófia Vígh 373-383
Clinical veterinary medicine
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis in dogs. K. Vörös, Ágnes Sterczer, F. Manczur and T. Gaál 385-393
Nutrition
Effects of a non-starch polysaccharidase enzyme preparation from Thermomyces lanuginosus on energy and protein metabolism and milk yield of dairy cattle. V. Jurkovich, E. Brydl, P. Rafai, L. Könyves, Mrs. L. Tegzes, J. Kutasi, Á. Bata, G. Nagy, J. Bartyik and A. Fülöp 395-411
Pathology
Association between endometritis and urocystitis in culled sows. I. Biksi, N. Takács, F. Vetési, L. Fodor, O. Szenci and E. Fenyő 413-423
Physiology
Somatotrophic and thyroid hormones around the onset of lay in broiler breeders under different conditions. R. D. Malheiros, Vera Maria Barbosa Moraes, R. L. Furlan, Veerle Bruggeman, J. Buyse, E. Decuypere and M. Macari 425-434
Content of retinol and retinyl esters in blood plasma, liver, kidney and reproductive organs of Japanese quails. Annamária Kerti, Ingeborg Buchholz and F. J. Schweigert 435-443
Effect of double nursing on some anatomical and physiological properties of the digestive tract of rabbits between 23 and 44 days of age. Melinda Zomborszky-Kovács, Tünde Gyarmati, Zs. Szendrő and L. Maertens 445-457
Haematology and some blood chemical parameters of young carp till the age of three years. A. Svetina, Željka Matašin, Alenka Tofant, Marija Vučemilo and N. Fijan 459-467
Reproduction
A simplified biopsy method for precompacted mouse embryos: A technical report. S. Bodó, L. Laczkó, Gabriella Horváth, B. Baranyai, Mária Horvai Szabó, J. Dohy and Elen Gócza 469-479
Virology
The endosomal epsilon-coatomer protein is involved in human adenovirus type 5 internalisation. Cs. Jeney, Boglárka Banizs, Orsolya Dobay, Katalin Glatz, T. Huszár, Éva Ádám and I. Nász 481-489
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 373–383 (2002)
ANALYSIS OF THE RANDOM DISTRIBUTION OF STATION-TESTED PIGS BASED ON THEIR GENETIC MERIT
I. Nagy1*, L. Csató1, J. Farkas2, L. Radnóczi3, A. Szabó4 and Zsófia Vígh1
1Department of Pig Breeding, 2Department of Mathematics and Informatics, 4Diagnostic and Oncoradiologic Institute, University of Kaposvár, H-7400 Kaposvár, Guba S. u. 40, Hungary; 3National Institute for Agricultural Quality Control, Budapest, Hungary
(Received January 10, 2002; accepted May 27, 2002)
The analysis was conducted on the national database of the station tests carried out between May 1996 and February 2001, using the Hungarian Large White (LW) and Hungarian Landrace (LR) breeds, and the A-line of the Ka-Hyb hybrid (MLW). Days of test, total amount of feed consumed and valuable cuts were taken into the analysis to test the random distribution of the animals’ phenotypic measurements and predicted breeding values across the contemporary groups of origin. The phenotypic measurements of all traits were clearly positively associated with the herds of origin (b = 0.52 – 1.08). Animals with favourable phenotypic measurements originated from better herds. On the contrary, the predicted breeding values seemed to be independent of the herd effects (b = –0.16 – 0.08) and suggested a possible random distribution across the contemporary groups.
Key words: Pig, breeding value, bias, random distribution (across the herds)
*
Corresponding author: Dr. István Nagy; E-mail: nagy@mail.atk.u-kaposvar.hu; Fax: +36 (82) 320 175Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 385–393 (2002)
PERCUTANEOUS ULTRASOUND-GUIDED CHOLECYSTOCENTESIS IN DOGS
K. Vörös*, Ágnes Sterczer, F. Manczur and T. Gaál
Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary
(Received April 17, 2002; accepted September 11, 2002)
Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis was performed on 13 healthy beagle dogs to determine whether percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis in the dog was a feasible and safe procedure. Clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic examinations were done at 0 and 10 minutes, in the 2nd and 16th hour, and on the 7th day. They included a detailed physical examination of the mucous membranes, cardiorespiratory system and abdominal organs. Laboratory examinations of the blood consisted of a complete blood count, determination of packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total plasma protein (TPP), parameters of haemostasis including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and enzyme activities reflecting hepatobiliary function, i.e. aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). Ultrasonographic findings of the gallbladder (size, shape, wall, content) and appearance of the biliary tract and the surrounding cranial intraabdominal organs were also evaluated. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis was performed easily during the study, and dogs tolerated well the procedure performed without anaesthesia. All laboratory parameters of the blood remained within normal limits throughout the study. However, some follow-up values, i.e. PCV, TPP, APTT and ALT, demonstrated statistically significant differences when compared to baseline measurements, which might reflect the effect of 24-hour fasting before the experiment, as well as day-to-day metabolic fluctuations due to feeding and water supply during the study. There were no visible signs of bleeding from the liver, bile leakage from the gallbladder or accumulation of free peritoneal fluid during repeated ultrasonographic examinations. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis seems to be an important diagnostic procedure in canine gallbladder diseases and can be used safely and easily to gain gallbladder bile for diagnosis of bacterial cholecystitis or for investigating hepatobiliary function in the dog.
Key words: Ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis, dog, gallbladder, biliary tract
*
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Károly Vörös; E-mail: kvoros@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 478 4137Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 395–411 (2002)
EFFECTS OF A NON-STARCH POLYSACCHARIDASE ENZYME PREPARATION FROM THERMOMYCES LANUGINOSUS ON ENERGY AND PROTEIN METABOLISM AND MILK YIELD OF DAIRY CATTLE
V. Jurkovich1, E. Brydl1, P. Rafai1*, L. Könyves1, Mrs. L. Tegzes1, J. Kutasi2, Á. Bata2, G. Nagy3, J. Bartyik4 and A. Fülöp4
1Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology and 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary; 2Dr Bata Research and Development Ltd., Ócsa, Hungary; 4Enying Agricultural Share-holders Co., Enying, Hungary
(Received February 18, 2002; accepted May 27, 2002)
Non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) form an integral part of the cell walls in plants and represent considerable available energy when degraded into absorbable mono-, di-, tri- and oligosaccharides. The ruminal microflora hydrolyses a good part of NSPs, however, recently there have been attempts to enhance the rate of utilisation by using external polysaccharidase enzymes. In the present study the effects of an enzyme preparation (Rumino-Zyme) high in xylanase activity were studied on ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, parameters of energy and protein metabolism, milk yield, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body condition score of high-yielding dairy cows. A lignolytic enzyme preparation produced by the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus was applied in the present experiment and fed to dairy cows at 34 g/day dosage in the period between calving and the 110th day of lactation. This preparation increased VFA concentration in the rumen from about 32 days after calving and onward. Increased VFA concentration was followed by an about 5 to 10% increase in milk production and an almost 0.1% increase in butterfat production. Increased VFA concentration produced more balanced energy metabolism in the experimental cows as indicated by the lower incidence rate of hyperketonaemia, and lower acetoacetic acid and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration in the blood of the experimental cows. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was tendentiously higher in the control group and the proportion of cows that had AST activity higher than 100 U/l was also higher in the control group. Both control and experimental cows showed balanced protein and acid-base metabolism throughout the experiment. Enhanced VFA concentration contributed to an improvement in energy balance in the experimental cows with a resultant improvement of feed intake and feed utilisation. Due to the more balanced energy metabolism postparturient body condition loss of the treated cows was reduced.
Key words: Dairy cattle, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Rumino-Zyme, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetoacetic acid, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), net acid-base excretion (NABE), milk production, body condition, feed conversion rate
*
Corresponding author: Dr. Pál Rafai; E-mail: prafai@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 478 4243Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 413–423 (2002)
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENDOMETRITIS AND UROCYSTITIS IN CULLED SOWS
I. Biksi1*, N. Takács2, F. Vetési3, L. Fodor4, O. Szenci1 and
E. Fenyő51
Large Animal Clinic, and Departments of 3Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, and 4Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 2University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; 5Novartis Hungária Kft., H-1025 Budapest, Belgrád rkp. 25, Hungary(Received April 2, 2002, accepted May 27, 2002)
Slaughterhouse sampling and examination of urogenital tracts of 499 sows and gilts culled for reproductive reasons from 21 Hungarian herds were performed over a 6-year period. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of different urogenital tract lesions, and to provide sensitivity and specificity estimates for macroscopic and bacteriological examinations in the diagnosis of urocystitis and endometritis. Furthermore, the association between endometritis and urocystitis was assessed. The prevalence of main lesions of the urogenital tract was similar to that reported in other studies. The ‘sensitivity’ of macroscopic and bacteriological methods was determined statistically by taking histopathology as the ‘Gold Standard’. As a result, the ‘sensitivity’ of macroscopic methods for the diagnosis of endometritis and urocystitis was ? 18.1% and 47.9%, respectively, while the ‘sensitivity’ of bacteriology for the diagnosis of the same conditions was ? 31.8% and 63.0%, respectively. The presumed positive association between urocystitis and endometritis was confirmed; it was not confounded by parity. Animals affected by urocystitis had a 3.5 times higher odds to simultaneously have endometritis than animals without urocystitis.
Key words: Swine, endometritis, urocystitis
*
Corresponding author: Dr. Imre Biksi; E-mail: ibiksi@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (29) 521 303Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 425–434 (2002)
SOMATOTROPHIC AND THYROID HORMONES AROUND THE ONSET OF LAY IN BROILER BREEDERS UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
R. D. Malheiros1*, Vera Maria Barbosa Moraes2, R. L. Furlan1, Veerle Bruggeman3, J. Buyse3, E. Decuypere3 and M. Macari1
1Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, 2Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de acesso Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Bairro Rural, Jaboticabal, 14870-000, SP, Brazil; 3Department of Animal Production, Laboratory of Physiology and Immunology of Domestic Animals, Catholic University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, 30, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
(Received February 12, 2002; accepted May 27, 2002)
Somatotrophic and thyroid hormones were determined around the onset of reproduction in broiler breeders reared in two different housing systems [dark, close-sided house (CH) and conventional, open-sided house (OH)]. In both groups age-related changes were obvious for thyroxine (T4), growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1); levels of T4 decreased, especially between 24 and 28 weeks in both groups; concomitantly GH sharply increased over the same period. A transient peak in triiodothyronine (T3) occurred between 25 and 27 weeks. The effect of housing was only present after the onset of lay. Between weeks 27–28 and the end of the period studied, the CH group showed higher levels of GH and T3 but lower T4 levels as compared to the OH group. A significant increase in GH after onset of lay, without any significant rise in T3 or in IGF-I, could point to a relative insensitivity to high plasma GH levels. Changes at GH receptor level, together with an increased pituitary GH secretion and/or decreased GH turnover may be expected. This may indicate that hypothalamo-pituitary changes at the onset of lay not only imply changes of gonadotrophic cell function, but also other hormonal axes. The relatively decrease in T4 without changes in T3, may point to a decrease in the activity of the thyrotropic axis.
Key words: Hormones, broiler breeders, reproduction, environment, growth hormone, thyroid hormones
*
Corresponding author: Dr. Ramon Diniz Malheiros, Av. Fernao Dias, 730 Rec. Bandeirantes Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, 14883-400; E-mail: ramondm@yahoo.com; Phone: +55 (16) 32020025Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 435–443 (2002)
CONTENT OF RETINOL AND RETINYL ESTERS IN BLOOD PLASMA, LIVER, KIDNEY AND REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS OF JAPANESE QUAILS
Annamária Kerti1,3*, Ingeborg Buchholz2 and F. J. Schweigert1
1Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Germany; 2Department of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Germany; 3Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, H-2053 Herceghalom, Gesztenyés u. 1, Hungary
(Received June 5, 2001; accepted May 27, 2002)
Due to its importance in many physiological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, vitamin A plays a key role in reproduction. The present study examines the content and distribution of retinol and retinyl esters in the blood plasma, liver, kidney, ovary and oviduct (infundibulum, magnum, isthmus and uterus) of the laying Japanese quail. (1) The results show that the stage of egg laying had no influence on the level of vitamin A (retinol or retinyl esters) in plasma, kidney and liver. (2) The results further indicate that in the oviduct there are quantitative and qualitative differences in the concentration of retinol and retinyl esters, but that these differences are not altered by the stage of egg formation. (3) The highest levels of vitamin A in the isthmus and uterus were associated with a predominance of retinyl esters (palmitate and stearate); sections with lower total levels of vitamin A (infundibulum, magnum) had retinol as the more dominant form of vitamin A. (4) Changes in the ratio of retinol to retinyl esters in the various sections of the avian oviduct might point to metabolic differences. The storage of vitamin A might therefore be the predominant function of the uterus and isthmus; in the infundibulum and magnum, where vitamin A is predominantly present as retinol, vitamin A serves rather as a precursor for the modulation of the cellular metabolism of these structures.
Key words: Vitamin A, blood plasma, liver, reproduction, ovary, oviduct, Japanese quail
*
Corresponding author: Annamária Kerti, Ph.D., Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition, H-2053 Herceghalom, Gesztenyés u. 1, Hungary; E-mail: kerti.annamaria@atk.hu; Fax: +36 (23) 319 133Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 445–457 (2002)
EFFECT OF DOUBLE NURSING ON SOME ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE DIGESTIVE TRACT OF RABBITS BETWEEN 23 AND 44 DAYS OF AGE
Melinda Zomborszky-Kovács1*, Tünde Gyarmati1
, Zs. Szendrő1 and L. Maertens21
Faculty of Animal Science, University of Kaposvár, H-7401 Kaposvár, P.O. Box 16, Hungary; 2Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, Section of Small Stock Husbandry, Merelbeke, Belgium(Received April 5, 2002; accepted September 11, 2002)
Anatomical and physiological properties of the digestive tract were examined and compared in young rabbits nursed either by one (SS) or by two does (DD) daily up to the age of 35 days. At the age of 23, 30, 37 and 44 days, 8 young per treatment were euthanised. Double suckling and the subsequent higher level of solid feed intake after weaning were found to exert a stronger influence on the weight of the entire gastrointestinal tract and that of its individual parts (the stomach, small intestine, caecum and colon) than on its length. The quantity of the gastric content was found to rise with advancing age in both groups (from 36 to 70 g and from 37.5 to 79 g). In both groups the pH of the stomach was higher during the suckling period (4.5–5.3) than subsequent to weaning (1.6–2.4). The quantity of the caecal content also increased with age (from 4 or 8 g), but on the 37th day significantly higher quantities of caecal content were recorded in DD rabbits (50.5 g compared with 35 g). The pH of the caecal content decreased more slowly from an initial high value (6.0 and 6.5 in SS and DD rabbits, respectively), and by the 37th day had settled at a low value (5.7–5.8) in both groups. The dry matter content of the caecal content decreased from 270–273 g to 188–207 g in both groups. Total volatile fatty acid (tVFA) and acetic acid (C2) concentration, which amounted to 66–88% of tVFA, rose; in SS rabbits they were at higher levels by the 30th day (53.6 and 42.2 mmol/L, respectively), and remained at an increased level until the 44th day (P < 0.05). The ratio of C3 : C4 was high on the 23rd day (2.5 and 2.4), but dropped at the age of 30 days (0.5 in SS and 1.7 in DD, P < 0.05) and, further, by the 37th day (0.2 in SS). In SS rabbits coliform count proved significantly lower (105) on the 23rd day than in DD rabbits (106). By the 37th day this count had decreased in both groups and subsequently remained at a low level (< 104). By the 23rd day Bacteroides were present in large quantities (108) in the caecum and showed no change with advancing age or feeding regime.
Key words: Digestive system, digestive physiology, rabbits, double suckling
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: melinda@mail.atk.u-kaposvar.hu; Fax: +36 (82) 320-175Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 459–467 (2002)
HAEMATOLOGY AND SOME BLOOD CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF YOUNG CARP TILL THE AGE OF THREE YEARS
A. Svetina1*,
Željka Matašin2, Alenka Tofant3, Marija Vučemilo3 and N. Fijan21
Department of Pathophysiology, 2Department for Biology and Pathology of Fish and Bees, 3Department of Animal Hygiene, Environment and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia(Received May 7, 2002; accepted September 11, 2002)
Haematological and biochemical analyses of blood were performed in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) kept in small ponds. Caught and anaesthetised carp were clinically examined and blood samples were taken at regular intervals during the three years. In the first year of examinations, the haemoglobin and haematocrit values of carp fry significantly increased (P < 0.01) from June to September. The intensive growth of carp in the summer period in the second year was accompanied by adequate erythropoiesis. During hibernation haematocrit and haemoglobin significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) increased (P < 0.01) in both scaly and mirror carp. MCHC increased also with the age and increasing body weight of the fish. Mirror carp had lower haematocrit and haemoglobin values than scaly carp (P < 0.01). Comparative haematological analyses between carp of normal and poor body condition showed that moderate anaemia appeared in those with poor body condition. The results indicate that there is marked seasonal and age-dependent variation in the values of haematocrit and haemoglobin. Pond water quality investigations indicated good environmental conditions. A 50% increase (P < 0.05) of glucose concentration was found from June to September in the blood plasma of carp in the third year, accompanied by an even more increased (80%; P < 0.01) concentration of total lipids. At the same time, considerable changes of cholesterol and total protein concentrations were not observed. The results suggest that the investigated haematological and biochemical variables could be successfully utilised in monitoring the metabolic balance and health status of fish in intensive culture.
Key words: Carp (Cyprinus carpio), haematology, blood biochemical values, age, season, body weight, water quality
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Corresponding author: Prof. Ante Svetina; E-mail: mbelic@vef.hr; Fax: +385 (1) 2390 184Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 469–479 (2002)
A SIMPLIFIED BIOPSY METHOD FOR PRECOMPACTED MOUSE EMBRYOS: A TECHNICAL REPORT
S. Bodó1,3*, L. Laczkó1, Gabriella Horváth2, B. Baranyai1,3, Mária Horvai Szabó3, J. Dohy3 and Elen Gócza1
1
Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, H-2100 Gödöllő, P.O. Box 411, Hungary; 2Department and Clinic for Obstetrics and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; 3Research Group for Animal Breeding of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szent István University, H-2103 Gödöllő, Páter K. u. 1, Hungary(Received February 20, 2002; accepted May 27, 2002)
This article presents a new, simple and rapid embryo biopsy method. The blastomere for genetic analysis can be separated from a precompacted mouse embryo after a partial zona digestion with the use of a holding pipette. For the micromanipulation only two microcapillaries and micromanipulators are needed. The development of the biopsied embryos was studied during in vitro culture and in utero following embryo transfer. There was no significant difference between the treated and the control groups in the ratio of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage, although the biopsied embryos were delayed in their development because they contained significantly fewer cells compared to the control ones at the same stage. Although there was no difference in the ratio of implantation, the development of the biopsied embryos in utero was also delayed 12–24 hours on the 9th day of pregnancy. No difference in development was visible from the 13th day of pregnancy. Statistically, no differences were found in the developmental ratio (number of developed fetuses/transferred embryos) of the control and treated embryos during gastrulation (9th day of pregnancy), at the beginning of organogenesis (13th day of pregnancy) and before birth (19th day of pregnancy). The embryo biopsy method presented here can be a new and useful tool for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
Key words: Embryo biopsy, zona digestion, mouse model, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, embryo transfer, embryonic development
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Corresponding author: Szilárd Bodó; E-mail: bodo@abc.hu; Fax: +36 (28) 430 647Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 50 (4), pp. 481–489 (2002)
THE ENDOSOMAL EPSILON-COATOMER PROTEIN IS INVOLVED IN HUMAN ADENOVIRUS TYPE 5 INTERNALISATION
Cs. Jeney1*, Boglárka Banizs1, Orsolya Dobay1, Katalin Glatz1, T. Huszár2, Éva Ádám1 and I. Nász1
1Institute of Medical Microbiology and 2Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
(Received December 14, 2001; accepted May 27, 2002)
The effects of bafilomycin A1 and of the reduced level of endosomal epsilon-COP (coatomer protein) on the infectivity of human adenovirus type 5 were investigated in Coxsackie adenovirus receptor- (CAR-) transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The endosomal proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1 was able to cause only partial inhibition. Using ldlF cells (an epsilon-COP thermosensitive mutant CHO cell line) the reduction of epsilon-COP level also had partial inhibitory effect. Based on these results and comparing them to existing models of the adenovirus entry, we propose a refined model in which there are two pathways of adenoviral entry: the first one involves the epsilon-COP as the downstream effector of the acidification and can be blocked by bafilomycin A1 and the second one is a pH-independent pathway.
Key words: Human adenovirus type 5, internalisation, epsilon-COP, bafilomycin A1
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Corresponding author: Csaba Jeney M.D.; E-mail: jencsa@xenia.sote.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 210 2959