Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3) (2004)
CONTENTS AND ABSTRACTS
Obituary – In memoriam Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Herbert Gürtler (1932–2004) III
Anatomy
Third coronary artery in monkey heart
. Valentina Nikolić, Gordana Teofilovski-Parapid, Gordana Stanković, Biljana Parapid, S. Malobabić and V. Stojić 253Genetics
Genetic variation within and relationships among five subpopulations of Slovak Thoroughbred
. Daniela Šátková-Jakabová, J. Trandžík, Ľudmila Hudecová-Kvasňáková, Erika Hegedüšová-Zetochová, A. Bugarský, J. Buleca Jr., L. Zöldág, F. Jakab and P. Fľak 259Microbiology
Comparative study of biochemical methods for the identification of Dichelobacter nodosus. Ruth Jiménez, S. Píriz, E. M. Mateos and S. Vadillo 267
Effectiveness of different adjuvants in stimulating Dichelobacter nodosus antibody in sheep vaccinated against ovine footrot. P. Martín-Palomino, S. Píriz, Ruth Jiménez, F. J. Serrano and S. Vadillo 275
Study of programmed cell death in bovine herpesvirus 1 infected mdbk cells and the possible role of nitric oxide in this process. Zafer Yazici, Yasemin Baskin, H. Baskin, Ozlem Gecer, I. Hakki Bahar and Aykut Özkul 287
Nutrition and animal production
Soybean: feed quality and safety. Part 1: Biologically active components. A review. I. Csáky and S. Fekete 299
Soybean: feed quality and safety. Part 2: Pathology of soybean feeding in animals. A review. I. Csáky and S. Fekete 315
Pathology
Immunohistochemical investigation of cerebellum in dogs infected with canine distemper virus. Nalan Kabakci, Murat Yarim, Siyami Karahan, Tolga Guvenc, Bugrahan Bekir Yagci and I. Safa Gurcan 327
Pharmacology
Effect of composition and quality of diet and feeding time on the kinetics and efficacy of some anthelmintic drugs: A mini-review. B. H. Ali 339
Physiology
Thyroid hormones (th) and 5’-monodeiodinase (5’-md) activity in goat’s milk from the early, mid- and late lactation period. A. B. Ślebodziński and J. Twardon 349
Effect of melatonin on biochemical variables of the blood in dairy cows. Katarzyna Darul and Helena Kruczyńska 361
Effect of supplementation with methionine and different fat sources on the glutathione redox system of growing chickens. Katalin Németh, M. Mézes, T. Gaál, Á. Bartos, K. Balogh and F. Husvéth 369
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 253–257 (2004)
THIRD CORONARY ARTERY IN MONKEY HEART
Valentina Nikolić1*, Gordana Teofilovski-Parapid1, Gordana Stanković1, Biljana Parapid1, S. Malobabić1 and V. Stojić2
1Institute of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 4/2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro; 2Institute of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
(Received July 15, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
Investigations were carried out on 55 monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops, Macaca fascicularis) hearts by stereomicroscopic dissection and measurements. Latex-injected specimens and corrosion casts showed that, as in humans, the hearts were usually (in 98.2% of the cases) supplied by two coronary arteries (CAs) – the left (LCA) and the right coronary artery (RCA), and occasionally (in 1.8% of the cases) also by a third one (TCA). Furthermore, the orifice of the TCA was situated in the right aortic sinus at the same level as the RCA and 0.2 mm in front of it. The LCA and the RCA originated from the corresponding aortic sinuses and the external diameter of the LCA was greater [average: 1.65 ± 0.39 (SD) mm] than that of the RCA [average 0.94 ± 0.15 (SD) mm] and the TCA (0.8 mm). The LCA orifice was more often above (76.3%) than below the free edge of the left aortic valve leaflet. The longitudinal axis of the aortic root and of the initial part of the LCA formed an angle of 45–120° (average: 52°). The orifice of the RCA was usually above (82.3%) the free edge of the right aortic valve leaflet, and less frequently below it (17.7%). The longitudinal axis of the aortic root and of the initial part of the RCA formed an angle of 70–150° (average: 103°). The resemblance of monkey CAs to their human counterparts make them a suitable model for experimental studies on coronary circulation.
Key words: Third coronary artery, nonhuman primates, axial topography, morphometry
*
Corresponding author: Valentina Nikolić; E-mail: slobodan@mail.ru, filipbr@bitsyu.net; Fax: +381 11 686 172
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 259–265 (2004)
GENETIC VARIATION WITHIN AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG FIVE SUBPOPULATIONS OF SLOVAK THOROUGHBRED
Daniela Šátková-Jakabová1, J. Trandžík1, Ľudmila Hudecová-Kvasňáková1, Erika Hegedüšová-Zetochová1, A. Bugarský2, J. Buleca Jr.2, L. Zöldág3*, F. Jakab4 and P. Fľak5
1State Breeding Institute, Nitra, Slovak Republic; 2University of Veterinary Medicine, Košice, Slovak Republic; 3Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary; 4State Breeding Inspection, Nitra, Slovak Republic; 5Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Slovak Republic
(Received March 26, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
Genetic variation at six microsatellite loci was analysed for five Thoroughbred subpopulations to determine the magnitude of genetic differentiation and the genetic relationships among the subpopulations. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were shown for a number of locus–population combinations, with all subpopulations. The genetic diversities and relationships of five Thoroughbred subpopulations were evaluated using six microsatellites recommended by the International Society of Animal Genetics (ISAG). The allele frequencies, the effective numbers of alleles, and the observed and expected heterozygosities were calculated. POPGENE v. 1.31 (Yeh et al., 1997) was used to test for deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg (H–W) equilibrium and to assign FIS estimates (Weir, 1990). The utility of microsatellites for evaluating genetic diversity of horses is discussed.
Key words: Thoroughbred, horse, genetic diversity, microsatellites, subpopulations
*
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. László Zöldág, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1400 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary; E-mail: lzoldag@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 478 4124
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 267–273 (2004)
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS
Ruth Jiménez, S. Píriz*, E. M. Mateos and S. Vadillo
Chair of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avd. de la Universidad s/n., 10071 Cáceres, Spain
(Received October 2, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
The aim of this study was to compare four identification procedures to detect Dichelobacter nodosus and develop a rapid, simple and effective method to identify D. nodosus strains isolated from cases of ovine footrot. The four methods used were: (a) the classic guidelines set down by Holdeman et al. (1977) and Summanen et al. (1993) which are based on gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and different biochemical tests, this method was considered as landmark; (b) Baron and Citron’s flowchart for the rapid identification of Gram-negative rod-shaped anaerobes (1997); (c) the API rapid 32 A system (bio Mérieux), and (d) Mast ID™ Anaerobe ID Ring (MID8) (Mast Diagnostics). None of the four methods used allowed us to correctly identify the D. nodosus strains (neither the strains isolated from cases of ovine footrot nor those originating from type collection). Because of the difficulties encountered in obtaining a correct identification of D. nodosus, we propose a simple, rapid and effective way to achieve this task. Our flowchart will provide the means to identify this microorganism in any laboratory of general microbiology without having to use any specialised equipment.
Key words: Footrot, D. nodosus, methods, identification, Gram-negative anaerobic rods
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: spiriz@unex.es; Phone: +34 (927) 257127; Fax: +34 (927) 257110
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 275–285 (2004)
EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT ADJUVANTS IN STIMULATING DICHELOBACTER NODOSUS ANTIBODY IN SHEEP VACCINATED AGAINST OVINE FOOTROT
P. Martín-Palomino, S. Píriz*, Ruth Jiménez, F. J. Serrano and S. Vadillo
Chair of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avd. de la Universidad s/n., 10071 Cáceres, Spain
(Received November 11, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
This research consists of an evaluation of the effectiveness of different substances administered as adjuvants in the stimulation of humoral immune response induced by the vaccine composed of strains A1, A2 and C of Dichelobacter nodosus. To do this, a total of 120 Merino sheep were vaccinated and revaccinated. These sheep were selected from a farm located in the region of Extremadura (Spain), and they were divided into 12 groups of 10 animals each. An additional group with 10 sheep was used as control. The immune response (titre of antibodies) was determined by agglutination tests and ELISA. The most pronounced immune response was obtained by the use of Freund’s incomplete adjuvant and aluminium hydroxide as adjuvants.
Key words: Effectiveness, adjuvants, Dichelobacter nodosus, antibody, footrot
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: spiriz@unex.es; Phone: +34 927 257127; Fax: +34 927 257110
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 287–297 (2004)
STUDY OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH IN BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 INFECTED MDBK CELLS AND THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN THIS PROCESS
Z. Yazici1, Yasemin Baskin2, H. Baskin3*, Ozlem Gecer4, I. H. Bahar3 and A. Özkul5
1Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Kurupelit, 55139, Samsun, Turkey; 2Oncology Institute and 3Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, Izmir, Turkey; 4Department of Virology, Regional Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of Health, Göztepe, 35350 Izmir, Turkey; 5Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Diskapi, 06110, Ankara, Turkey
(Received September 6, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is the aetiological agent of many disease types and may predispose infected animals, possibly through immunosuppression, to secondary bacterial infections. Immunosuppression may directly be associated with the induction of programmed cell death (PCD) in some virus-infected cells. Nitric oxide (NO) has an important mediating role against fungal, bacterial, protozoal, viral pathogens and tumours. BHV-1 induced apoptosis between 0.5–3 h postinfection (PI) in MDBK cells; however, between 3 and 6 h PI the PCD response was found to be decreased. It was interesting to see that BHV-1 inhibited staurosporin-induced PCD after 1 h. These results showed similarities with those obtained from herpes simplex type 1 infections in human epithelial cells. PCD response decreased 1 h following caspase-3 inhibitor applications, whereas NO response increased 3 h following infection in the presence of caspase-8 and -9 inhibitory peptides. In conclusion, BHV-1 inhibited the staurosporin-induced apoptotic response and also the NO response. We propose that this inhibition is caspase-3 dependent.
Key words: Bovine herpesvirus 1, nitric oxide (NO), programmed cell death
*
Corresponding author: Huseyin Baskin, MD, PhD; E-mail: huseyin.baskin@deu.edu.tr; Fax: +90 (232) 259 0541
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 299–313 (2004)
SOYBEAN: FEED QUALITY AND SAFETY
PART 1: BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS
A REVIEWI. Csáky* and S. Fekete
Institute of Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary
(Received July 3, 2003; accepted October 28, 2003)
A large number of soybean components have diverse biological activities. These include hormonal, immunological, bacteriological and digestive effects. The presently known allergens are listed. The divergence between chemical evaluation and biological value is highlighted. The following components are discussed: Kunitz inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor, saponins, soyacystatin, phytoestrogens (daidzein, glycitein, genistein), Maillard products, soybean hydrophobic protein, soy allergens, lecithin allergens, raffinose, stachyose, 2-pentyl pyridine. The studies describing the effects of the isolated components are reviewed.
Key words: Soybean, protease inhibitors, phytoestrogens, saponins, soybean allergens, lecithin allergens
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: icsaky@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 478 4124
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 315–326 (2004)
SOYBEAN: FEED QUALITY AND SAFETY
PART 2: PATHOLOGY OF SOYBEAN FEEDING IN ANIMALS
A REVIEWI. Csáky* and S. Fekete
Institute of Animal Breeding, Feeding and Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, H-1078 Budapest, István u. 2, Hungary
(Received July 3, 2003; accepted October 28, 2003)
Various animal models in farm and laboratory animals indicate the possible pathological effect of soybean feeding. Immunity and tolerance to oral soybean intake and a generalised meta-model of effects are discussed. It seems that FAO/WHO recommendations will have to be considered in assessing the biological value of soybean feed sources. Determination of hull content, antigenic potential, conglycinin and trypsin inhibitor content is warranted in view of the future component pricing of soybean meals.
Key words: Soybean, villus height, antibody to soybean antigens, feed antigens, immune tolerance to feed, soybean pathology model, soybean allergy, component pricing
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: icsaky@univet.hu; Fax: +36 (1) 478 4124
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 327–337 (2004)
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF CEREBELLUM IN DOGS INFECTED WITH CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS
Nalan Kabakci1*, M. Yarim1, S. Karahan2, T. Guvenc3, B. B. Yagci4 and I. S. Gurcan5
1Department of Pathology, 2Department of Basic Science and 4Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kirikkale, 71450 Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey; 3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey; 5Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
(Received October 2, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
The cerebella of 21 dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) infection and four normal dogs were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Cerebella of CDV-infected dogs showed nonsuppurative demyelinating encephalomyelitis, classified as acute, subacute or chronic. Immunolocalisation of CDV antigen also confirmed the infection. Tissues were examined for co-localisation of the CDV antigen with either an astrocyte-specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or an oligodendrocyte-specific marker, galactocerebroside (GalC). Immunoreactive cells were counted in demyelinating areas of the white matter. The number of astrocytes (GFAP positive) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in CDV-infected dogs compared to controls. In contrast, the number of oligodendrocytes (GalC positive) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in CDV-infected dogs and was much lower in chronic cases (p < 0.05). Approximately 41% of astrocytes and 17% of oligodendrocytes were immunoreactive for CDV. The ratio of CDV-infected oligodendrocytes and astrocytes remained almost constant during the progression of the disease (P > 0.05). In conclusion, CDV infects both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The gradual loss of oligodendrocytes is most likely responsible for the progressive demyelination in CDV infection. Astrocytosis in CDV infection should be further investigated if it occurs to stimulate oligodendrocytes for myelin production to compensate for the loss or to induce oligodendrocyte degeneration.
Key words: Cerebellum, canine distemper virus, glial fibrillary acidic protein, galactocerebroside, immunohistochemistry
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: nalankabakci@hotmail.com; Fax: +90 318 357 3304
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 339–347 (2004)
EFFECT OF COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF DIET AND FEEDING TIME ON THE KINETICS AND EFFICACY OF SOME ANTHELMINTIC DRUGS: A MINI-REVIEW
B. H. Ali*
Department of Veterinary Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10158 Buraydah, Al Gaseem Branch 81999, Saudi Arabia
(Received May 26, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
This article reviews the literature dealing with the effects of composition and quality of diet and feeding time on the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of some anthelmintic drugs in ruminants. Studies have suggested that greater availability, and therefore improved anthelmintic activity, is possible through temporary feed restriction. It is also recommended that anthelmintic drugs should not be given to animals whilst they are maintained on large feed intakes, particularly of lush pasture that promotes rapid gastric transit, as this may reduce drug availability and anthelmintic efficacy. Generally, feeding animals low-quality fibrous diets reduces the passage rate of digesta and allows more time for absorption of several anthelmintic drugs and their metabolites from the gut. Some kinetic data of drugs given to animals on such diets may be slightly different, but this does not necessarily indicate alteration of the dosages of the anthelmintic drug. Nonetheless, due consideration should be given to anthelmintic dosages under various dietary regimes if optimum efficacy is to be achieved at all times.
Key words:
Kinetics, feed restriction, anthelmintics, feed, sheep, cattle
*
E-mail: alibadreldin@hotmail.com; Fax: +996 6 381 1438
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 349–359 (2004)
THYROID HORMONES (TH) AND 5’-MONODEIODINASE (5’-MD) ACTIVITY IN GOAT’S MILK FROM THE EARLY, MID- AND LATE LACTATION PERIOD
A. B. ŚlebodziŃski1* and J. Twardon2
1ENDO-CANIS, Endocrine Research and Diagnostics, ul. Grunwaldzka 250, 60-166 Poznań, Poland; 2Department of Animal Reproduction and Clinic of Obstetrics, Agricultural University in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
(Received October 2, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
The physiological significance of thyroid hormones (TH) present in colostrum and milk is still under consideration. The present study was aimed at determining milk thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in three lactation phases (early, mid- and late) of the goat, and to measure activity of the milk 5’-deiodinase (5’-MD) enzyme responsible for the intramammary conversion of pro-hormone T4 to its metabolically highly active form T3. Thirty-two milk goats (Polish White breed) fed a standard diet were used for milk sampling. The highest TH levels in mammary secretion were recorded during the first 2–3 days post partum. Then the hormone levels decreased, and by about Day 7 fluctuated around the overall mean for the early-lactation phase (Days 1 to 24 of lactation), recording 0.134 ± 0.059 µg T4 and 150.8 ± 2.80 ng T3 in 100 ml of the milk. Such T4 concentrations appeared to be comparable to those in the rabbit and human, whereas the concentration of T3 was higher than in the cow, pig and mare’s milk. Milk 5’-MD activity was higher (P < 0.01) during early and late lactation, compared to the mid-lactation phase. It coincided with low T4 and high T3 milk levels during early lactation, and with high milk T4 and low T3 concentrations during late lactation. The quantity of T4 and T3 available to newborn kids in milk suggests that TH ingested with the colostrum may have a physiological role during the early postnatal life of suckling goats.
Key words: Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, milk, 5’-deiodinase, newborn goat, colostrum
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: endocrin@rose.man.poznan.pl; Phone/Fax: +48 (61) 868 53 28
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 361–367 (2004)
EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON BIOCHEMICAL VARIABLES OF THE BLOOD IN DAIRY COWS
Katarzyna Darul and Helena Kruczyńska*
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, August Cieszkowski Agricultural University, ul. Wołyńska 33, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
(Received June 24, 2003; accepted March 2, 2004)
In order to examine the effect of exogenous melatonin on selected biochemical variables of the blood in ruminants, dairy cows were given the pineal gland hormone in the dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight. One and four hours after melatonin administration blood samples were collected from the cows in the control and the treated group in order to determine the levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, as well as the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase. The pineal gland hormone caused a significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, slight increases in glucose and insulin levels, and a significant decrease in the concentration of free fatty acids. Melatonin did not exert an effect on the activity of liver enzymes.
Key words: Melatonin, ruminants, biochemical variables, blood
*
Corresponding author; E-mail: hkruczyn@jay.au.poznan.pl; Fax: (4861) 848 7226
Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52 (3), pp. 369–378 (2004)
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTATION WITH METHIONINE AND DIFFERENT FAT SOURCES ON THE GLUTATHIONE REDOX SYSTEM OF GROWING CHICKENS
Katalin Németh1, M. Mézes2, T. Gaál3, Á. Bartos1, K. Balogh2 and F. Husvéth1*
1Department of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, Veszprém University, H-8360 Keszthely, Deák F. u. 16, Hungary; 2Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary
(Received February 3, 2004; accepted March 2, 2004)
The effect of supplementary methionine and fats of different saturation levels on the glutathione redox system of growing broiler cockerels was studied. The diet of three groups of chicks was supplemented with corn germ oil, beef tallow and fish oil at the levels of 30 g/kg and 50 g/kg of feed, respectively. The diet of further three groups was supplemented with methionine (5 g/kg of feed) in addition to the different fat sources. Control chicks were fed with a compound feed without methionine and fat supplementation. Reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulphide (GSSG) content as well as glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver were determined and GSH/GSSG ratio was calculated at day old and then at one and three weeks of age. Our results indicate that supplementary methionine stimulates both the synthesis of the glutathione redox system and glutathione peroxidase activity in growing chickens in the first period of postnatal life, when the risk of lipid peroxidation is high due to feeding unsaturated fats in the diet.
Key words: Methionine, fats, lipid peroxidation, glutathione redox system, growing chickens
*
Corresponding author: Prof. Dr. Ferenc Husvéth; E-mail: h5544hus@ella.hu; Fax: +36 (83) 315 105